EPA needs new treatment and measurement technologies for organic and inorganic contaminants and disease-causing organisms, especially for small systems. Microorganisms of concern include Cryptosporidium and other cyst-like organisms and emerging pathogens such as caliciviruses, microsporidia, echoviruses, coxsackieviruses, adenoviruses, and others on the Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List. (See http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ccl/ccl3.html) Areas of interest include, but are not limited to:

• Improved detection and measurement techniques including screening kits for algal neurotoxins (especially cyanobacterial anatoxin) and cytotoxins in drinking water systems.
• Improved detection and measurement techniques for microbial pathogens that also address viability or infectivity, including online devices for continuous monitoring of pathogens and optimization of three-dimensional cell culture systems for growth of waterborne enteric viruses and bacteria for routine laboratory use.
• New amplification systems used in conjunction with microarrays that detect multiple classes of pathogens (viruses, protozoa, bacteria) found in water.
• Development of innovative unit processes, particularly for small systems, for removal or inactivation of contaminants such as perchlorate, aluminum, pesticides, and pathogens.