Research is needed to apply the principles of nanotechnology to the areas of environmental monitoring, detection and control. Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at the nanoscale. EPA is particularly interested in nanotechnologies that can detect and distinguish engineered nanomaterials from natural or anthropogenic nanoscale materials and that result in reductions in the use and release of toxic compounds, especially persistent, bioaccumulative toxics (PBTs), hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Agency is also interested in technologies that utilize nanotechnology to detect conventional pollutants in aqueous, air and soil environments. Nanotechnology is emerging as a technology platform with potential for great environmental breakthroughs and significant commercial applications. This nanomaterials topic area is closely related to other topics in the solicitation. Specific areas of interest include, but are not limited to:

• In-situ groundwater remediation technologies incorporating nanomaterials as part of the clean-up system. Such methods are needed to replace extraction and treatment of contaminated groundwater at Superfund sites.
• New nanoporous filters for removal of gaseous pollutants and particulates from contaminated air streams, and nanoparticulate catalysts for utilization in VOC treatment devices and related applications.
• Metal-free nano-laminated coatings and nanomaterials with smart characteristics including reactive coatings that destroy or immobilize toxic compounds. High surface area nanomaterials for new coatings and environmental applications.
• Development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanotechnology based devices for use in environmental analytical and monitoring instrument devices including sensors and nano-components.
• Nanomaterial sensors for rapid and precise process control and environmental monitoring. EPA is particularly interested in remote- in-situ, real-time and continuous measurement of species at trace (ppt) concentrations. Sensors that utilize lab-on-a-chip technology are also of interest.